for Beata
Once in a
while I wander upon a tv show which introduces a memorable female personality, and
at the same time a good, gripping story as a showcase for her experiences. This
post is about three women protagonists who have captured my attention in the
abyss of TV hard-boiled detective narratives demarcated by pugnacious male
horizon (True Detective and Hannibal at the fore with their garnished violence,
victimization of women and ostentatious bromance) The shows I focus on here present
divergent storylines, but concordantly propose psychological intricacies and
imaginative reuse of feminist representation as part of their imagined realms.
THE
GIRLFRIEND EXPERIENCE (2016-)
The show is
based loosely on Steven Soderbergh’s low-budget, drama-satire from 2009
starring porn idol Sasha Grey as an elite New York escort. In a way it continues with
the movie’s smirking critique of capitalism in post-2008 financial collapse,
but it also evolves beyond the limitations of its 80-minute running time when
it comes to the psychological portrayal of the heroine. I was skeptical at
first – the story matured somewhat languidly and the main star Riley Keough seemed to go an
extra mile to emulate the unemulatable blankness of Grey’s visage, but in the
end the plot delivered and I was a bit disappointed about the abrupt (albeit
climactic) parting with the heroine – Christine Raede. Firstly, it must be said
this is not the first show about the life of a prostitute. There are TV dramas
like Satisfaction (2007), Blue (2012), The Client List (2012), or the recent Harlots (2017) by Hulu. In a sense, all of these productions are modern
revisions of a literary genre called whore dialogues whose popularity
throughout Europe rose in the 17th
century. The aim of these stories was to unveil truth(s) about sexuality, human
nature and all sorts of social debasement. In other words – they were both pornographic and educational. There’s a lot of erotic content in The Girlfriend
Experience, but it's never gratitious - every scene is intended as a part of "maturation" process of the
main character. The creators stated they wanted Christine to be the epitome of
a modern woman, but she’s more than that. Before she turns into an escort,
she’s already juggling studies at law school and an internship at a law
company. She’s beautiful, smart, cynical, realistic and determined. As she transforms into
a prosperous call girl, she becomes, like Sasha Grey (porn star-turned-actress-turned-enterpreneur), “dangerously androgynous, …[combining] that
which is most attractive about women – physical beauty – with what men fear
most from each other – commercial competition” [1]. Additionally, she defies
commodification by taking more pleasure from sex than men who pay her for it.
At least, until excitement drifts into routine. She’s what Camille Paglia would
call “the femme fatale as a sexual personae.” [2] Christine likes performing and
has no problem switching identities when circumstances require (she assumes
three working aliases during the season, and has three low-profile private
personalities). Her sister often calls her egoistic and Christine herself
wonders whether she’s a sociopath. Paglia’s description fits her perfectly:
“She is not a neurotic but, if anything, a psychopath. That is, she has an
amoral affectlessness, a serene indifference to the suffering of others, which she
invites and dispassionately observes as tests of her power.” [3] At this point
a few things need to be written about the male characters in the series who
mostly consist of Christine’s clients. Rarely do wee get to know such a
pitiable assemblage of well-groomed adult individuals. In the beginning, these
are wealthy, innocuous businessmen above their forties who are procured by
Christine’s soigné pimp, Jacqueline. It is clearly established that the company
of an escort provides them a valve to stress induced by highly competitive and
unstable job environment, as well as dysfunctional marriage. As the story
progresses and Christine starts to prowl on her own by means of Internet, her
clientele expands to sexually and mentally perturbed fetishists and ego-maniacs
for whom sex amounts to masturbation to their own fantasies of a female. Aside
from her job, there are naïve, seductible fuck buddies whose indolent virility
quickly becomes tedious. Christine’s sexual and ethical superiority over men is
founded on the notion that prostitution is the most honest form of capitalist
transaction. When accused of being a whore, she states that she’s economically
righteous because “she knows exactly what she’s selling and the men know
exactly what they’re buying”. On the other hand, people around her are
confined by superficial social roles and
dubious morality, especially visible at higher professional positions. Notably,
when a sex tape of Christine is publicly released by her jealous ex-client, both
her acquaintances and family turn away from her. He mother resorts to an
emotional blackmail while her father withdraws into an emotional limbo –
typical patterns of parental coping mechanism. Christine is not able to
convince her beloved sister that she actually likes her new way of earning
money. Funnily enough, her scheming boss at her law firm initially denounces
and fires her, only to masturbate later to her sex tape when denied sex from
his wife.
On the
surface, The Girlfriend Experience might be accused of propagating a sanitized
view of luxury prostitution in which men are confined to relatively benign
power relations while women make volitional career choices. However, I’d
ultimately read it as a critique of a system based on reification and undying
patriarchisms practiced in both low- and well-paid professions. It’s also a
compelling sexual coming-of-age story. Central to the plot are the figures of a
whore and a nymphomaniac, embodied by Christine, who disclose uncomfortable truths about society [4]and irreconcilable
gender differences in term of sexual liaisons. This is particularly visible in the sex scenes where
insatiable female jouissance is beyond male logic and physical faculties. The
story culminates in a 17-minute MMF threesome role-playing arranged by a client
with cuckolding fetish. The happening is orchestrated from beginning to end by amused and clinically indifferent Christine, and it’s rather fun to watch the
compromising befuddlement of a handsome male escort enacting the role of a
secret lover. At least he got it up, but – taking about equal pay..
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That face you make when you realize that men are good-for-nothing sexual muppets |
Sexual
encounters in The Girlfriend Experience mirror Harmut Böhme’s statement that
“[i]t’s difficult to think of something more theatrical than a sexual act. The
deeper the passionate frenzy, the more we are confronted by the lack: nobody is
who they think they are; nobody possesses what they want, everybody gives what
they do not have, and nobody receives what they need.” [5]
Leaving
beside the issue of sex, the extent of real economic/- empowerment women get
from sex labor business is, of course, debatable and dependent on many factors.
The author of this post is a firm believer in pro-choice fairytales, and that potent
nymphomaniac and prostituting heroines in popular entertainment are at least
expanding the meaning of feminism. As Vicky Funari clarified: “There is no
standard sex worker. Each woman has her own reasons for working, her own
responses to boredom, pleasure, power and/or trauma, her own ideas about the
work and her place in it. This work can be oppression or freedom: just another
assembly-line job, an artistic act that also pays well; comic relief from
street realities; healing social work for an alienated culture. What is at work
within each woman that lets her accommodate this situation? Intense denial,
infallible sense of humor, codependency, incredible strength, a liquid sense of
self? The only safe thing to say is that we’re all in it for the money.” [6]
[1] Bradford K. Mudge, The Whore's Story: Women, Pornography, and the British Novel, 1684-1830, p.50 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
[2] Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, p.15 (New York: Vintage Books, 1990)
[3] Ibid.
[4] As did Lars von Trier's nymphomaniac Joe in his 2013 controversial two-part feature film.
[5] Hartmut Bohme, Fetishism and Culture: A Different Theory of Modernity, p. 392 (Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN: Warszawa, 2012)
[6]Jill Nagle, ed., Whores and Other Feminists, p. 28 (New York and London: Routledge, 1997)
THE FALL
(2013-)
It was
around season four of The X-Files that I started to realize who the main
protagonist of the show was. Fox Mulder turned from a passionate believer into
a child-like phantom chaser and Scully – from a sceptic nagger to an intelligent,
complex and pulchritudinous woman. I couldn’t even think to imagine back then
what a television icon and feminist personage Gillian Anderson would become,
but she has – to the point that she’s been given the role of Goddess Media
itself in Bryan Fuller’s tv adaptation of Neil Gaiman’s American Gods (2017). Since
2005, she has been cast mainly in small UK productions, neglecting nearly
altogether American entertainment which didn’t have a lot to offer to her
anyway. It was then that she started to hone her superior drama skills and excrete
an enigmatic atmosphere of sophistication which made even Dr. Hannibal Lecter
appeared provincial next to her in the NBC's series Hannibal. I even sat through two tv
mini-series based on Dickens, whom I whole-heartedly abhored during my studies,
only to see how brilliantly Anderson
would interpret the roles of Miss Havisham and Lady Deadlock. That’s the level
of reverence I have for her acting skills and British accent. In The Fall she
plays Detective Superintendent (in Polish that’s “inspektor”) Stella Gibson who,
to cut long story short, has been summoned to investigate the murder on
a thirty-something, prosperous woman in Belfast.
Needless to say, Anderson
totally steals the show here, as probably intended – other characters float
around her like planets around the majestic, all-seeing sun.
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No matter how hard you try, you will never be as supremely chill and fashionable as Stella Gibson |
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She’s impeccable in
terms of appearance [1] and behaviour – the aura of perfection is at the same
time formidable and frustrating for men, and she finally pays a small price in the
third season, getting a face scar and some fractures during an unexpected
assault. The male villain named Paul Spector, portrayed by Fifty Shades of
Grey’s pretty-faced Jamie Dornan ,delivers a performance more dullish and clinical than
sinister. Basically all male characters could be categorized under four
adjective-based categories: violent, affective, alexithymic, fuckable – though
mixed groups can be formed adding dim-witted and mean. So Stella spends her
time working the case with her emotionally disadvantaged colleagues, developing
sexual liaisons with both men and women AND lecturing men on the fascinating profundity
of the female psyche. I coined the new word for the last activity, as it takes
place numerous times in the series and involves high-class mesmerism – “Stellasplaining”. Her eyes transition from
tiresomeness to lancinating persuasiveness as she explicates the difference
between forced and willing submissiveness, the grammatical misconceptions of
gender, the media’s limited view on women, or provides a plain answer to her chief’s
question about female spiritual superiority: “the basic human form is female. Maleness
is a birth defect”.
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One of the many instances of Stellasplaining |
Such quotes are not uncommon throughout the three seasons
as the series plunges into the feminist territories devised by writers and
theorists like Margaret Atwood and Melvin Konner [2]. The show often borders on
androphobia, as in the scene where Stella rebukes her young lover’s suggestion
that she might be attracted to a serial killer by means of a scarily ironic
anectode about the divergent fears of men and women. The male-female relations
in the series are underpinned by constant violence and misunderstanding,
resounding with Rebecca Solnit’s interpretation of rape culture in the essay
“The Longest War”: “a man approaches a woman with both desire and the furious
expectation that the desire will likely be rebuffed. The fury and desire come
in package, all twisted together into something that always threatens to turn
eros into thanatos, love into death, sometimes literally” [3]. Neither husbands
nor fathers get favorable representation. Paul Spector’s apparent affection for
his daughter is tarnished by his double-faced hatred towards women. A young
girl who falls in love with Spector deplores the fact that her father chose to
die in a careless motorbike accident instead of taking care of her and her
mother. Stella’s daddy issues reappear time and again, but we never discover
their true source apart from the fact that he too died too early. There is
something exasperating in the male inadequacy when it comes to fulfilling the
lowest of standards for social and emotional competencies.
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Dealing with men is exasperating but that's what women do between shopping, lesbian bonding, sipping wine and saving the world | | | | | | |
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Stella knows this –
this is the reason she prefers the lonesome wine-consumption evenings to family life. She knew before Rustin Cohle
addressed this problem one year later in the hit HBO drama True Detective:
“Men, women. It’s not supposed to work except to make kids.” The Fall is no serial killer chic show
like Dexter or Hannibal. In the end, Spector is no enigma – we learn that his
father is a murderer and Paul has been traumatized by experiences in the foster
facilities run by men who were unwilling to control their impulses, thus
unloosening further wickedness into the world. The perpetuum mobile of death
and suffering makes a full circle – bad men do not keep the other bad men from
the door – they keep the door open.
[1] In order to
get the sense of the fashion statement Stella has made, visit:
- http://standardissuemagazine.com/lifestyle/dressing-like-stella-gibson/ where Bertie Bowen states that Stella “oozes
luxury with her smooth silk blouses and soft cashmere coats. She just looks
expensive, yet never ostentatiously so. She achieves this by sticking to
minimal, smart tailoring; her style is understated yet imposing, mirroring her
persona with precision.”
[2] In Women After All: Sex, Evolution, and the End of Male Supremacy (2015) Konner writes:
“There is a birth defect that is
surprisingly common, due to a change in a key of chromosomes. In the normal
condition the two look the same, but in this disorder one is shrunken beyond
recognition. The result is a shortened life span, higher mortality at all ages,
an inability to reproduce, premature hair loss, and brain defects variously
resulting in attention deficit, hyperactivity, conduct disorder,
hypersexuality, and an enormous excess of both outward and self-directed aggression.
The main physiological mechanism is androgen poisoning, although there may be
others. I call it the X-chromosome deficiency syndrome, and a stunning 49
percent of the human species is affected.
It is also called
maleness.”
Konner further believes that “[i]n
addition to women’s superiority in judgment, their trustworthiness,
reliability, fairness, working and playing well with others, relative freedom
from distracting sexual impulses, and lower levels of prejudice, bigotry, and
violence make them biologically superior [...]. Contrary to all
received wisdom, women are more logical and less emotional than men.”
[3]Rebecca Solnit, Men Explain Things to Me and Other Essays, p. 27 (Granta Books: London, 2014) In the same essay, Solnit provokingly inquires: "What's the matter with manhood? There's something about how masculinity is imagined, about what's passed and encouraged, about the way violence is passed on to boys that needs to be addressed."
THE
HANDMAID’S TALE (2017-)
Watching
the first few episodes of The Handmaid’s Tale has been a nauseating experience.
It’s like sitting at one of Aunt Lydia’s
film viewing sessions at the Re-education
Center, getting jolted by
cattle prods at the same time. The presented world is every extreme right-wing
misogynist’s wet dream – a biblical kyriarchy based on revived Puritan values.
In the future, assumingly due to the increasing environmental pollution, most
women are not able to conceive children. In a “society dying of too much choice”
[1] and depopulation, a group of conservative males and their wives decide to
abolish the government and create the Republic of Gilead.
In this upside down of current Western democracies, society is divided into hierarchical
system where men constitute militarian governing bodies and women are
subjugated to perform in “traditional” roles of wives, mothers, or domestic
workers. The titular handmaids are a scarce group of fertile women who were
mostly captured and forced to bear children for the ruling Commanders of Gilead
and their wives. This is all part of a scheme designed by deranged nationalists
aimed at re-creating America
free of demoralizing influences of anything different than a white heterosexual
penis. That’s Trump’s government, by the way – one of the reasons The
Handmaid’s Tale has attracted lots and lots of publicity.
The story
is told from the point of view of Offred (a patronymic name)- a 33-year-old
woman apprehended during unsuccessful escape from Gilead
with her daughter and husband. Offred is posted to the household of Fred
Waterford and his wife, Serena Joy, to be their unwilling surrogate. If that’s
not crazy enough, the Gilaedian law requires the insemination to happen during a
kinky threesome re-enactment of the biblical story of Rachel and Bilhah called
pompously “The Ceremony”. The Ceremony (aka The Rape) is only one of few wacky
events invented by Gileadian rulers. There are also Prayvaganzas, Salvagings
(aka Public Killings of Traitors), Particutions (Public Killings of Rapists by
Handmaids), or Birth parties – you can imagine. It’s an insanitarium derived
from the nightmares of totalitarian regimes, stories of Shirley Jackson and
Nathaniel Hawthorne and the madness of Trump’s administration all at once.
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"The Ceremony" |
The series
is based on the 1985’s novel by Margaret Atwood, and there are a few
differences between the original and its modern-day television rendition. For
one, the book implicates the reader in mellower forms of terror: the stifling
domestication, suggested physical tortures, indetermined fate of secondary
characters, internalized struggle of the heroine. Elisabeth Moss, the actress
chosen to portray June/Offred, is allowed much more intensity in terms of
emotional expression – I believe not only on account of the different medium.
Her “fake subservience” is accentuated by sneer, grimace and gaze which smuggle
fear, desperation, disgust and mockery. She is given a few hammy moments of
confrontation with Serena Joy (Yvonne Strahovski) involving physical violence,
and direct verbal slamming, namely she calls her a psychopathic bitch. Also, in
the show, Offred is much more involved in the activities of Mayday – a
mysterious resistance organization of unknown origin. Additionally, her sexual
liaisons with Nick, Commander’s chauffeur and, possibly, a Mayday spy, is much more stressed to
provide an air of eroticized female subjectivity, guessably, for that
Harlequinized part of porn feminist audience. And while adding those elements to the
plot may have been justified by the heated political climate and genre
requirements, I felt the literary Offred to be more honestly envisioned under
the highly oppressive circumstances presented in the novel. In the book,
Offred’s internal monologue is the sole device of comprehending the past and
the present, as well as her psychological condition. It is emphasized that she
perceives herself as an object suspended in time and determined by her body,
and she believes to be perceived so by everybody else: “I resign by body freely
to the use of others. They can do what they want with me. I am abject.” [2] This is
a reasoning of a defeated prisoner, theoretically explicated from a feminist
standpoint by Julia Kristeva in Powers of
Horror. Meanwhile in the series, June won’t allow herself to be a girl in
the box, trapped in a patriarchal system of torture, hypocrisy and injustice.
Atwood accentuates that in this context, keeping sanity is a Sisyphean feat and
women’s primal means of doing it is by telling their stories, but this motif
appears in the series only once. The 1985’s Offred would put love/life, desire
and forgiveness over hate and disobedience, because reasonably it was either
that or death. In the end, she’d choose Nick’s warm body over futile heroism and
graveyard, but frankly one can’t blame her. She’s not a warring feminist like
her mother, not a rebel like her friend Moira [3], but rather a survivor. It needs
to be underlined because contemporary Offred subtly usurps all of these roles.
She helps Moira flee from the Red Centre (conditioning facility for handmaids),
she’s the one who gets her feet whipped for no reason whatsoever (in the book
it was Moira who was punished for another escape attempt), and finally she’s
the first to publicly disobey Aunt Lydia (handmaids’ Chef Oberaufseherin) by
refusing to stone her brainsick colleague. Her reaction after finding out that
she’s pregnant with Nick is also telling and deviates from the novel. She
believes it’s a catastrophe – he, on the other hand, regards the baby as a
miracle. That’s not a reaction you would expect from a woman who stays home
during very important political riots because her husband tells her to think of
the family. That’s what Atwood’s Offred does while her mother fights for
freedom to be later pronounced an Unwoman by Gilead’s
authorities [4]. I don’t mean to say by all of that that the creators
(including producer Atwood!) of the show are untrue to the novel or that they
propagate unrealistic patterns of behavior under horrific conditions of modern-day
concentration camps for women. Many brave people have survived Holocaust.
Nevertheless, the series is most frightening when it centers on the “ordinary”
and allows Offred to be merely an observer. The fact that her everyday
existence boils down to shopping, eating and pelvic exercises is scary enough.
Above that, all the scenes with Aunt Lydia
(great Ann Dowd) at the Red
Center are hauntingly
disturbing, even though she’s been made more humane in the show comparing to her book equivalent. Ann
Dowd evokes the psychotic maternal propriety immortalized by the characters
like Annie Wilkes or Nurse Ratched. I also loved how they depicted the
“Ceremony” parts as casual boudoir horror. Additionally, Ralph Fiennes as
two-faced Commander has convincingly captured the neat politeness of a Nazi bureaucrat. [5] Last
but not least, the scenes where men contrive to hide rape and objectification
of women under political laws and religious rituals reek of recurring
historical formula for control and domination of “inferior” social groups. Yet,
there are times when The Handmaid’s Tale
farcically slips into the trap of a silly girl power movie, as Wonder Woman did most of its screening time [6]. It occurs
everytime the Handmaids are made into the exponents of the maxim “Nolite te
Bastardes Carborundorum” (roughly translated as “Don’t Let the Bastards Grind
You down”) which has been elevated to the status of a new feminist catchphrase.
It does look good as a tattoo, but there’s vagueness and conspiratory hostility
to it that smacks of misandry for misandry’s sake. The “Handmaids posse” moments
that reminded me of Clueless, Sex and the City, Mean Girls, or The
Babysitters look simply ridiculous considering the gravity of the subject
matter - trampling human rights among others.
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Handmaids posse, bitches. |
The show does great job exploring the
“popular” topics of abortion, sexism, rape, homosexuality and prostitution, but
it also omits a lot of the book’s side content – discrimination against race and different religions,
resettlements, econowives, the Colonies, Unbabies, Gilead
as a dystopian zone. Perhaps more of that is to come in season 2. Nevertheless,
I’m grumbling. It's alarming that the show is as disquieting now as the novel was in the 80s. It's a well-done, culturally accurate and important premonition in the times of rising
pro-nationalist and alt-rightist sentiments.
[1] Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale, as all folllowing citations.
[2] Offred also says: "I want everything back, the way it was. But there is no point to it, this wanting." "Maybe none of this is about control [...] Maybe it's about who can do what to whom and be forgiven for it." It's been suggested in the book that the handmaids are being sedated to keep them under control more easily.
[3] Of her friend Moira, Offred states: "I don't want her to be like me. Give in, go along, save her skin. That is what it comes down to. I want gallantry from her, swashbuckling, heroism, single-handed combat. Something I lack."
[4] The main protagonists's mother has some thought-provoking musings about Offred's father and men in general: "A man is just a woman's strategy for making other women. Not that your father wasn't a nice guy and all, but he wasn't up to fatherhood. Not That I expected it of him. Just do the job, then you can bugger off, I said, I make a decent salary, I can afford daycare. So he went to the coast and sent Christmas cards. He had beautiful blue eyes though. But there's something missing in them, even the nice ones. It's like they're permanently absent-minded, like they can't quite remember who they are. They look at the sky too much. They lose touch with their feet. They aren't a patch on a woman except they're better at fixing cars and playing football, just what we need for the improvement of the human race, right?"
[5] I t must be said that the Commander has some pretty commiserating thoughts on the situation of women in the pre-Gilead social order: "We've given more than we've taken away .. Think of the trouble they had before. Do you remember the singles bar, the indignity of high-school blind dates? The meat market. Don't you remember the terrible gap between the ones who could get a man easily and the ones who couldn't? Some of them were desperate, they starved themselves thin or pumped their breats full of silicone, had their noses cut off. Think of the human misery."
[6] Wonder Woman is a not only a bad "girl power movie" or a superhero movie , it's a bad movie overall. It partly stems from the fact that Gal Gadot it a beatiful woman and a bad actress, but the film is mainly just badly written. The scene in which Wonder Woman enters a village where people had been gassed to death a moment before is particularly hilarious to watch. She's so emotionally torn between grasping her head in terror and keeping her impeccable hair intact that that I felt tremors running through my body.